Which layer of the OSI Model interacts with the operating system to transfer data?

The Application layer of the OSI Model is the topmost layer and serves as the interface between end-user applications and the underlying network services. It is responsible for providing network services directly to the applications running on a device, allowing users to interact with network resources in a meaningful way.

The Application layer includes protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP which enable various functionalities, including web browsing, file transfers, and email communication. Since the Application layer directly interacts with the operating system to transfer data, it translates between user applications and the underlying transport mechanisms provided by the layers below it in the OSI Model. This communication is crucial for applications to function properly in a networked environment, facilitating the exchange of information over the internet or other networks.

In contrast, the other layers such as Transport, Session, and Network play different roles focused on data transmission, session management, and routing rather than direct interaction with the operating system for application-level data transfer.